Ethics and Code of Conduct

Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

General

The Journal of Economic Innovation and Development (JEID), published by Global Scientific Hub, is committed to maintaining high standards of research integrity and responsible scholarly publishing. The journal follows internationally recognized principles of publication ethics and draws upon the core practices and ethical guidance provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/core-practices when addressing suspected misconduct and ethical concerns. The journal also considers established publishing-industry guidance, including resources such as the Elsevier Publishing Ethics Resource Kit (PERK), where relevant.

The principles described in this policy apply to everyone involved in the publication process, including the publisher, editors, authors, and peer reviewers. They cover essential areas of responsible scholarly communication, including impartial peer review, equal and fair consideration of manuscripts, originality, plagiarism prevention, confidentiality, research integrity, conflicts of interest, and the responsible handling of research data.

JEID seeks to preserve confidence in the academic record by promoting ethical research and taking appropriate measures to prevent publication malpractice. By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that their work is original, has not been previously published in another form, and is not simultaneously under consideration by another journal.

Publisher's Responsibilities: Global Scientific Hub

As the publisher of the Journal of Economic Innovation and Development (JEID), Global Scientific Hub is responsible for supporting an ethical, transparent, and academically independent publishing environment. The publisher supports the editorial independence of the Editor-in-Chief and editorial board and expects publication decisions to be based on scholarly quality, relevance, originality, and ethical standards rather than commercial or personal interests.

Global Scientific Hub provides and maintains the technological infrastructure required for manuscript submission, editorial management, publication, and digital preservation. The publisher also supports the editorial team in maintaining awareness of publication-ethics standards and appropriate tools for identifying potential plagiarism or textual similarity.

The publisher is committed to protecting the integrity of the published scholarly record. Where necessary, corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern will be issued in a timely and transparent manner in accordance with applicable ethical guidance. Global Scientific Hub supports the editorial team in investigating credible allegations of research or publication misconduct and encourages fair and evidence-based handling of such cases.

The journal's publishing model and applicable publication charges are communicated transparently to authors. JEID operates as an open-access journal, and its published articles are made available under the stated Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, subject to the journal's copyright and licensing terms.

Editors’ responsibilities

Role in Publication Decisions

The Editor-in-Chief has primary responsibility for determining whether submitted manuscripts should proceed toward publication. Editorial decisions should be based on the manuscript's scholarly contribution, originality, methodological quality, relevance to the journal's aims and scope, and the quality of the evidence presented. Editors may consult editorial board members or qualified peer reviewers when additional expertise is required.

Commitment to Impartiality

All manuscripts should be evaluated objectively and according to their academic merit. Editorial decisions must not be influenced by an author's gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, institutional affiliation, political position, or other personal characteristics unrelated to the scholarly quality of the submission.

Safeguarding Confidentiality

Editors and editorial board members must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts. Manuscript information should only be shared with individuals who are directly involved in the editorial and review process, including appropriate reviewers, editorial advisers, the corresponding author, and authorized publishing personnel.

Managing Conflicts of Interest and Privileged Information

Unpublished information contained in a submitted manuscript must be treated as confidential. Editors and editorial board members must not use unpublished ideas, findings, data, or other information obtained through the editorial process for personal or professional benefit without the author's explicit permission. Editors must also disclose and appropriately manage any conflict of interest that could affect their editorial judgment.

Reviewers’ responsibilities

Influence on Editorial Outcomes

Peer review assists the editorial team in making informed publication decisions and provides authors with constructive feedback that can improve the quality of their work. Reviewers are expected to assess manuscripts carefully, fairly, and independently, focusing on the scholarly quality and contribution of the submitted work.

Timeliness and Declination

Reviewers should promptly inform the editor if they do not possess sufficient expertise to evaluate a manuscript or cannot complete the review within the requested period. Reviewers should decline assignments where their participation could compromise the fairness or efficiency of the review process.

Confidentiality Obligations

Manuscripts received for peer review are confidential documents. Reviewers must not disclose, distribute, copy, or discuss manuscript content with unauthorized individuals. Information obtained during peer review must not be used for purposes unrelated to the review process.

Maintaining Objectivity

Reviewer assessments should be based on evidence, scholarly reasoning, methodological soundness, and the contribution of the manuscript. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate. Comments should be expressed professionally and should provide clear reasons for recommendations and constructive suggestions where appropriate.

Duty to Verify Sources

Reviewers should identify significant relevant work that appears to have been omitted from the manuscript's references. They should also notify the editor if they identify substantial similarity or possible overlap between the manuscript under review and another published or submitted work.

Conflict of Interest and Ethical Use of Information

Reviewers must keep all information obtained during peer review confidential and must not use such information for personal, academic, competitive, or professional advantage. Reviewers should decline assignments where a personal, professional, financial, collaborative, or competitive relationship with the authors or their institutions could affect their objectivity. Suspected ethical concerns should be communicated confidentially to the Editor-in-Chief.

Authors’ responsibilities

Standards for Reporting

Authors are expected to present their research accurately, honestly, and clearly. Research findings should be reported without fabrication, falsification, or deliberate distortion. Manuscripts should provide sufficient information about research methods, analytical procedures, and relevant sources to allow readers and other researchers to understand and, where appropriate, reproduce or evaluate the work.

Data Transparency, Access, and Reproducibility

• Authors may be requested to provide supporting or underlying research data during the review process where this is necessary to evaluate the manuscript.
• Authors should retain relevant research data and supporting materials for a reasonable period after publication.
• Where ethically and legally appropriate, authors are encouraged to make datasets, research materials, and methodological information accessible to support transparency and reproducibility.
• Where data are publicly available, authors should provide appropriate information regarding the location or means of access.
• Manuscripts should contain sufficient methodological and analytical detail to enable readers to understand how the reported findings were obtained.
• Authors remain responsible for the authenticity, accuracy, and integrity of the data and evidence presented in their manuscripts.

Originality, Attribution, and Plagiarism

JEID considers plagiarism and other forms of unattributed appropriation of intellectual work to be serious violations of publication ethics. Manuscripts submitted to the journal must contain original scholarly work and must not be simultaneously under consideration elsewhere. Ideas, statements, data, images, or findings obtained from other sources must receive appropriate acknowledgment.

• Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are original and that material obtained from other sources is properly cited, quoted, or otherwise acknowledged.
• Relevant publications that have materially influenced the research should be appropriately referenced.
• The journal may screen submitted manuscripts for plagiarism, inappropriate duplication, and significant textual similarity.
• JEID may use appropriate similarity-detection services, including iThenticate, where available, to assist in identifying potentially unoriginal material.
• Manuscripts may be screened at different stages of the editorial and publication process. Where substantial similarity or plagiarism is identified, the authors may be asked to provide an explanation. Depending on the circumstances and severity, the manuscript may be rejected and further editorial action may be taken.
• If significant plagiarism is identified after publication, the journal may issue a correction or retract the article, depending on the seriousness and effect of the misconduct on the integrity of the scholarly record.

Image Integrity and Data Fabrication

Authors must ensure that research data, figures, tables, photographs, and other visual materials are presented accurately. Data must not be fabricated or falsified, and images must not be manipulated in a manner that changes or misrepresents the underlying information. Where image processing has been performed for legitimate scholarly purposes, it should not obscure or distort the evidence being presented. Manuscripts containing serious data fabrication, falsification, or misleading image manipulation may be rejected or subject to post-publication action.

Copyright and Licensing

Articles published in JEID are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license , subject to the journal's applicable copyright terms. Readers may access, download, and share published material for permitted non-commercial purposes provided that appropriate attribution is given and the original work is not altered in a manner prohibited by the license.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submissions do not infringe the copyright, privacy, or other rights of third parties. By submitting a manuscript to JEID, authors acknowledge and agree to the journal's applicable copyright and licensing conditions.

Avoiding Redundant or Concurrent Submission

Authors must not submit substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time. Duplicate, redundant, or concurrent submissions are considered inconsistent with responsible publication practice and may result in rejection. Manuscripts that have already been published elsewhere in substantially the same form may not be eligible for consideration, particularly where copyright or publication rights prevent republication.

Authorship Criteria

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made meaningful intellectual contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the research. All individuals who satisfy the journal's authorship requirements should be appropriately recognized, while individuals who have not made a qualifying contribution should not be listed as authors.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all listed authors have approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission. The corresponding author should also ensure that authorship information is accurate and that any changes to the author list are handled transparently and with the agreement of the relevant contributors.

Disclosure of Interests and Funding

Authors must disclose financial, professional, personal, or other interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation of results, or publication decision. All significant sources of financial or institutional support associated with the research should also be acknowledged in the manuscript.

Research Involving Surveys or Questionnaires

• Survey and questionnaire instruments should be designed in a clear, balanced, and understandable manner and should avoid unnecessary leading or coercive questions.
• Participation in survey-based research should be voluntary and, where applicable, based on informed consent. Participants should receive sufficient information about the purpose and nature of the study and any relevant risks or considerations.
• Participants should be informed of their right to decline participation or withdraw where applicable. Authors must take appropriate steps to protect participant privacy and confidentiality.
• Where personally identifiable information is collected, authors must ensure that participant identities are appropriately protected in the research data and published results.
• Where necessary for verification, authors may be asked to provide appropriate supporting materials or research records. Confidential, personally identifiable, or proprietary information will not be required to be disclosed where doing so would violate ethical or legal obligations.

Policies for Post-Publication Corrections and Retractions

The Journal of Economic Innovation and Development (JEID) is committed to maintaining the reliability and integrity of the scholarly record. In accordance with relevant Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) principles, the Editor-in-Chief and Global Scientific Hub share responsibility for responding appropriately to significant errors, ethical concerns, and potential misconduct identified after publication.

Depending on the nature of the issue, the journal may publish a correction, an editorial expression of concern, or a retraction. A correction may be appropriate for an honest error that does not invalidate the principal findings of an article. An expression of concern may be used when substantial questions have arisen but an investigation has not yet reached a definitive conclusion. Retraction may be considered when serious errors, research misconduct, plagiarism, fraudulent data, redundant publication, or other circumstances substantially undermine the reliability of the published work.

Concerns relating to a published article should be communicated to the Editor-in-Chief through the journal's official contact channels. Each credible complaint will be assessed carefully, and where necessary, an appropriate investigation may be initiated. The editorial team may seek clarification from authors, reviewers, institutions, or other relevant parties when this is necessary to establish the facts.

Following an appropriate assessment, the editorial team will determine the necessary action based on the available evidence and applicable publication-ethics principles. Where appropriate, individuals who raise substantiated concerns may be informed of the outcome. Appeals concerning editorial decisions may be submitted in accordance with the journal's applicable appeals procedure.

Where serious research or publication misconduct is established, JEID may take one or more of the following actions:

• Issuing a formal correction or corrigendum linked to the original article;
• Publishing an editorial note or expression of concern to alert readers;
• Retracting the article where the reliability or integrity of the published work has been seriously compromised.

Post-publication notices will explain the reason for the corrective action as appropriate. Retractions and other significant notices will remain associated with the original publication so that readers can clearly understand the status of the scholarly record. The journal will maintain an appropriate record of post-publication actions to promote transparency and accountability.

Ongoing Ethical Oversight

All manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Economic Innovation and Development are subject to the journal's applicable ethical and editorial requirements. The editorial and publishing teams are expected to remain informed about developments in publication ethics, research-integrity practices, and appropriate methods for identifying and addressing potential misconduct.

The journal may update this policy when necessary to reflect developments in scholarly publishing standards, ethical guidance, research practices, and applicable publishing requirements.

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